Using Behavioral Objectives in IEP Goals

When a student in your class is the subject of an Individual Education Plan (IEP), you will be called upon to join a team that will write goals for her. These goals are important, as the students performance will be measured against them for the remainder of the IEP period, and her success can determine the kinds of supports the school will provide.   For educators, its important to remember that IEP goals should be SMART. That is, they should be Specific, Measurable, use Action words, Realistic, and Time-limited.   Behavioral objectives, as opposed to goals linked to diagnostic tools such as tests, are often the best way to define progress for mild to severely mentally disabled children. Behavioral goals show clearly if the student is benefiting from the efforts of the support team, from teachers to school psychologist to therapists. Successful goals will show the student generalizing the skills learned in various settings into his daily routine. How to Write Behavior-Based Goals Behavior goals are statements that will describe no more than three things about the individuals behavior.They will state precisely the behavior to be exhibited.  Describe how often and how much the behavior is to be exhibited.Indicate the specific circumstances under which the behavior will occur. When considering desirable behavior, think about verbs. Examples could be: feed self, run, sit, swallow, wash, say, lift, hold, walk, etc. These statements are all measurable and easily defined. Lets practice writing a few behavioral goals using some of the above examples. For feeds self, for example, a clear SMART goal might be: Student will use a spoon without spilling food on five attempts to feed. For walk, a goal might be: Student will walk to the coat rack at recess time without assistance. Both of these statements are clearly measurable and one can determine if the objective is being met successfully or not. Time Limits An important aspect of the SMART goal for behavior modification is time. Specify a time limit for the behavior to be achieved. Give students a number of attempts to complete a new behavior, and allow for some attempts to not succeed. (This corresponds to an accuracy level for the behavior.) Specify the number of repetitions that will be required and state the accuracy level. You can also specify the level of performance you are looking for. For example: student will use a spoon without spilling food. Set the conditions for the pinpointed behaviors. For example: Student will eat meals, using a spoon without spilling food on at least five attempts at lunch time. Student will  motion for the teachers attention after a task has been completed when the teacher is NOT busy with another student. In summary, the most effective techniques for teaching students with mental disabilities or developmental delays come from changing behaviors. Behaviors are easily evaluated in students for whom diagnostic tests are not the best option. Well-written behavior objectives can be one of the most useful tools for planning and evaluating the exceptional students educational goals. Make them a part of the successful Individualized Education Plan.

My Writing Of The Philippines - 949 Words

Have you ever written an essay and completely not know what to do, and where you felt stupid because you thought that everybody else in your class knew what to do? Well, I have had experiences where I felt so crazy whenever I heard my teachers saying that we had to write a story, journal, essay, or whatever kind of writings. My writing experiences started when I was in the Philippines and have continued now that I am here in the United States. I have written different kinds of essays since I started my freshman year of high school here in the US, and I struggled a lot writing them, and I hated it. Also, whenever I thought about writing it gives me stress. My writing life in the Philippines was easy. We learned English in our English class, but we did not focus that much on writing and grammar. Writing wasn’t that hard because our teachers mostly let us use our own language which is Tagalog in all of our classes whenever we wrote something just like a stories. English wasn†™t one my favorite subjects, but it wasn’t that difficult back then. My writing life didn’t became so difficult until the time that my parents and I moved here in Hawaii in 2009 because my grandparents wanted us to come over here and live with them for good. I started school here as a freshman student at Waipahu High School, and I never thought that we would write essays. Then, writing became a struggle to me because it was so different compared to my writing life in the Philippines. I had to speak andShow MoreRelatedPilipinong Manunulat1723 Words   |  7 Pagesreceived National Artist Award granted by the President of the Philippines. 9. Mars Ravelo is also a comic strip creator and writer who became phenomenal in the Philippines for his created superheroes such as â€Å"Darna† (a Filipino version of Wonder Woman), Dyesabel (name of the Filipino mermaid/heroine), and many others. During his time, the â€Å"Golden Age of Comics† flourished. Like Carlo J. Caparas, Mars Ravelo’s creations and writings were turned into films and became box-office hit during 1960†²s toRead MoreSample of Articles of Ltd Partnership804 Words   |  4 Pagesresidents of the Republic of the Philippines have agreed to amend a limited partnership under the terms and conditions herein set forth and subject to the provisions of existing laws of the Republic of the Philippines. AND WE HEREBY CERTIFY: ARTICLE I. That the name of the partnership shall be: IJ IMAGINATIVE IDEAS (I3), LTD. ARTICLE II. That the principal office of the Partnership shall be located at # 1866 Int. 2A Augosto Francisco St. Sta. Ana Manila, Philippines. ARTICLE III. 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They would be released into the atmosphere, consumed by flora, and transformed into glucose and carbon dioxide. However, it was not until the beginning of high school that I truly started to be enamored at the thought of communicating my ideas. I began to see everything in a different light. What I considered in the beginning to be plant food gradually became the object whichRead More Frederick Funston and Empire Essay1706 Words   |  7 Pagesmost people these are just names to identify various locations in the city. But behind the name is a person who is a historical figure that is significant, not just for San Francisco, but for the United States of America and the Republic of the Philippines. Frederick Funston was to many a hero of his times but to others he was also a symbol of his times and not a good one. 1898 saw the United States change from a nation taming a wild frontier to a nation building an empire. 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Instead, their conversation turned to a passionate goodbyeRead MoreSummary of the Wedding Dance by Amador Daguio1053 Words   |  5 Pageswerent able to producechildrenand Awiyao badly need one to affirm his virility and to establish his place among his tribesmen so he decided to leave Lumnay and marryMadulimay.The story is set in one of the mountainous provinces in the northern Philippines on the eve of Awiyaos weddingto Madulimay, while gangsas beat andwomendanceto celebrate the union. Awiyao slipped away from the celebration toconvince Lumnay to join the dancing women. Instead, their conversation turned to a passionate goodbyeRead MoreHistory of Paco1600 Words   |  7 PagesLOCAL HISTORY OF HOMETOWN †¢FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY LOCATION Paco, is a district of Manila, Philippines. It is located south of Pasig River, and San Miguel, west of Santa Ana, southwest of Pandacan, north of Malate, northwest of San Andres, and east of Ermita. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 64,184 people in 13,438 households. Paco was formerly known as Dilao, not because of plants that produce amarillo (yellow) color but yellow gold that japanesse soldiers hid in one of the

Icelandic Financial Crisis 2008-2011

Questions: 1. What was the Impact of the Crisis, for example on Employment, GDP, the Banking Sector, International Financial Flows.2. What could have been done differently, either to prevent the Crisis, or in the aftermath, what lessons do you think have been learned? Answers: Introduction: The current assignment aims to depict the effects of Icelandic financial crisis both within the internal boundaries of the nation and global arena. The Icelandic financial crisis has been a major political and economic event, which has included the default of the privately owned commercial banks in Iceland, UK and Netherlands (May 2014). Thus, the effects of this crisis have been enumerated with respect to GDP, employment and banking sector of the nation on one hand and global financial flows on the other. Finally, the assignment sheds light on the ways, which could be adopted in preventing such crisis along with the lessons learnt in the aftermath. 1.Impact of Icelandic Financial Crisis on Employment, GDP, Banking Sector and International Financial Flows: The financial crisis of Iceland has long-term effect within both its internal boundaries and the global arena. The impact of this crisis on the following domestic and international factors is briefly demonstrated as follows: Employment: The existing economic environment in Iceland has influenced many citizens and organisations of the nation. With the formation of Nyi Landsbanki in Iceland, the replacement of old Landbanski, nearly 300 staffs have lost their jobs because of fundamental restructuring of the organisation. As a result, it has minimised the global operations of the bank (Bergmann 2014). The identical job losses have been observed at Kaupthing and Glitnir. Such job losses could be contrasted with 2,136 registered unemployed and 495 advertising vacancies in the nation by August 2008. The crisis has resulted in bankruptcy of Sterling Airlines on 29th October 2008. Along with this, Icelandair, the national airline, has witnessed a considerable slump in its domestic flight demand. However, the global demand has increased and there has been recruitment of additional staffs to carry out its global operations (Edvardsson and Teitsdttir 2015). Figure 1: Unemployment rate in Iceland based on each quarter from 2009-2016 (Source: Jnsson and Sigurgeirsson 2017) The above figure denotes that the rate of unemployment in Iceland has increased massively in the second quarter; however, it has declined in third quarter with slight increase in fourth quarter in 2010. The same trend is observed in other years as well; however, the rate of unemployment has been falling in the fourth quarter of 2016, which implies that Iceland has recovered from the crisis slowly. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Due to the financial crisis of Iceland, the pension fund assets of the nation have shrink by 15% - 25%. Due to such shrinkage, the association related to the pension fund assets of Iceland have reduced the likelihood benefits in 2009 (Karanikolos et al. 2013). The economy of Iceland has been expected to shrink close to 10% due to the crisis. In addition, the inflationary rate has climbed up largely by 75% in 2009, which has necessitated the Icelandic government to enforce some measures for minimising the negative impact of economic depression. Figure 2: Growth rate of GDP in Iceland from 2007-2015 (Source: Raza, Zoega and Kinsella 2015) Figure 3: GDP per capita of Iceland for the years 2007-2015 (Source: Zoega 2016) According to the above figure, the GDP of Iceland has been 21.29% in 2007; however, after the financial crisis, the GDP growth rate has fallen to 17.53% in 2008 and 12.86% in 2009. The same trend is observed in case of GDP per capita of the nation and the lowest is observed in 2010 due to higher inflationary rate. However, the Icelandic economy has been started to recover from 2011, as the government has lowered inflation rate and increased debt from IMF to support the economy and spending power of the individuals. Banking Sector: The Icelandic financial crisis has increased the credit risks of the banks. Before the crisis, the default loans have been relatively small; however, it has increased manifold after its occurrence. In addition, the capital adequacy of the banks of Iceland has decreased; however, the performance has been better in contrast to the other EU nations, as it is over the statutory need of 8% (Ragnarsdttir, Bernburg and lafsdttir 2013). Furthermore, this crisis has minimised the dividend payments of the Icelandic banks and the banks have prevented in issuing new shares. The banks have maintained adequate liquidity level during the crisis, which have helped in minimising their current debt burden. However, the fall in income has undermined the profit margin of Icelandic banks with rise in their financing costs. The premiums related to credit risk are specifically high for long-term financing and the price for such funding has increased. This is because the supply has exceeded demand during the crisis. However, with the passage of time, after the bankruptcy of many Icelandic banks, the new entrants have entered the market. In addition, the banks have adopted effective risk management strategies after the crisis, which has helped in quick recovery of their financial positions. International Financial Flows: The Icelandic banks have accumulated funds of around 840 million in cash from 100 local authorities of UK. Out of this, Kent City Council has made maximum investment of 50 million followed by Transport for London with an investment of 40 million. In addition, the government of Iceland has been responsible for maintaining the savings accounts of 20,887 of the Dutch citizens. However, the financial crisis has restricted the Icelandic government in repaying the debt. Therefore, in order to repay the debt amount, 4% of the GDP of Iceland would be paid to UK during 2017-2023 in pounds and 2% of the nations GDP to Netherlands in GDP for the same period. 2.Ways that could be adopted to prevent the Crisis or lessons learnt in the aftermath: The following are the ways that the Icelandic banks and other firms could have adopted to prevent the crisis: The organisations could develop a list of monthly or yearly expenses, income and tax-related information to gain sound knowledge of the financial position. The budget needs to be formed to develop investment plans, techniques of cost minimisation and auxiliary measures to combat with financial trouble. Another negative impact of financial crisis is the issue related to employment. The individuals could hedge the risk of unemployment by developing unemployment insurance. In addition, the individuals could minimise their spending patterns to save more money. This is because in situations of job loss, they could start their own businesses during the crisis. During the mid-half of 2012, Iceland has started to recover rapidly, which is considered as the leading European success story. The rate of unemployment has been reduced to 6.3% and the nation has been bringing immigrants for jobs. However, the wages of the employees have been minimised by 50% and there has been issuance of ten-year government bonds below 6%. Thus, it has been evaluated that Iceland has recovered from the crisis at a faster price; however, the government has experienced an increase in debt burden. Conclusion: From the above discussion, it has been found that the Icelandic financial crisis has negative repercussions on the banking, GDP, employment and global financial flows. As a result, there has been fall in the growth rate of GDP and employment. The international financial flows have decreased, as Iceland has to repay the debt amount to UK and Netherlands by paying a certain portion of GDP per capita of the nation. The crisis could have been prevented by developing yearly budget and contingency plans. However, Iceland has recovered quickly from the crisis due to effective governmental measures in the form of issuance of new government bonds. References: Bergmann, E., 2014.Iceland and the international financial crisis: Boom, bust and recovery. Springer. Edvardsson, I.R. and Teitsdttir, U.D., 2015. Outsourcing and financial crisis: evidence from Icelandic service SMEs.Employee Relations,37(1), pp.30-47. Jnsson, . and Sigurgeirsson, H., 2017.The Icelandic Financial Crisis: A Study into the World ?s Smallest Currency Area and its Recovery from Total Banking Collapse. Springer. Karanikolos, M., Mladovsky, P., Cylus, J., Thomson, S., Basu, S., Stuckler, D., Mackenbach, J.P. and McKee, M., 2013. Financial crisis, austerity, and health in Europe.The Lancet,381(9874), pp.1323-1331. May, A., 2014. Financial Regulatory Shortcomings during the 2008 Financial Crisis: A Comparison between the United States, Canada and Iceland. Ragnarsdttir, B.H., Bernburg, J.G. and lafsdttir, S., 2013. The global financial crisis and individual distress: The role of subjective comparisons after the collapse of the Icelandic economy.Sociology,47(4), pp.755-775. Raza, H., Zoega, G. and Kinsella, S., 2015. Capital controls, financial crisis and the investment saving nexus: Evidence from Iceland. Zoega, G., 2016. 1 Icelandis financial crisis.Icelands Financial Crisis: The Politics of Blame, Protest, and Reconstruction, p.21.

Paris Fashion Capitol of the World Essay Example For Students

Paris Fashion Capitol of the World Essay In this essay, I will discuss how the Paris, France, came to be the first fashion capital of the world. It will also look at and discuss if Paris is still considered the most important fashion city today. I will also explore how other fashion cities, such as New York, Milan and London, compared to Paris by looking at their differences and similarities such as read-to-wear lines and how each city had a certain time period where they were established as fashion cities. Firstly the discussion will be around how Paris became so involved in Fashion and why people were so drawn to the Parisian style. Leading on from that I will look into New York, London and Milan and how each of these major fashion cities played a part in affecting Paris. To conclude, I will investigate whether Paris still remains as the most important fashion city today. Main Body Parisian fashion dates back to the 1800s, during the Victorian era, when people would have clothing hand made for them to show their wealth. Women who had clothes made for them, were the women who were high in social class, had money to spend and were up to date with the latest fashion trends. In those days it was easier to identify an individuals class because clothes were handed down when they went out of fashion. Norma Rantisi, writer of How New York Stole Modern Fashion ?, discusses Haute Couture and the first haute couturier, she wrote The use of the Haute Couture label by fashion houses was regulated by commission, the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture, which advocated on behalf of couture houses with respect to intellectual property rights, labour issues, foreign relations, advertising and the coordination of the fashion shows. Although the first couture house in Paris was formally introduced by Charles Worth in the mid-1800s, the significance of fashion as a marker of distinction was popularized by the French court at Versailles as early as the eighteenth century? (Rantisi, 2006:115). What Rantisi is trying to communicate is that fashion had been around a lot longer before than 19th century, but fashions were different before this time. Women of high class had to follow strict lifestyles, and had to dress to show their husbands wealth. Haute Couture was only starting to be recognized when Charles Frederick Worth, an English fashion designer, came to Paris and changed the way fashion was consumed. Before women would tell tailors what they wanted and how it was to be made. Worth created for clientele but he designed and made clothes that he thought was best suited for that person. He would not let his clients have a say in what they can and cannot wear. This is where Paris and fashion evolved and everyone wanted a little piece of Parisian style. Paris continued to create high end fashion till the end of the Victorian period, through the belle Apoque, the 1920s and the 1930s. The Americans would travel to Paris to purchase Haute Couture clothing and pay full price, whereas Parisian People of high social status, models and actresses would expect favors and free offers. Valerie Steele, author, stated in her book- Paris Fashion, A cultural history, The 1960s Youth Quake? may have launched an irreversible shift away from Paris fashion leadership. Think Mary Quant and the miniskirt. Not only did London temporarily supplant Paris as the center of fashion, but it fostered a movement away from the couture and towards ready-to-wear, which placed the American fashion Industry in a vastly strengthened position. In the 1970s Milan challenged Paris. ? (Steele, 1998:7). Steele is expressing is that other cities were given the chance to work their way into the fashion world. This was due to out of hand circumstances that Paris couturiers could not control. The World Wars were the start of Pariss decline in existing as the fashion capital. After the second world war, in the early 60s, London took a step up and Mary Quants miniskirt and the shift dress swung into fashion and London joined the competition to be the worlds fashion capital. A couple of years later Milan joins the scene with a chic new style of cool, bringing designers such as Valentino, Armani and Versace into the light. New York grew and became a fashion city in the 1940s, Manhattans 7th Avenue, became the garment district, this is where the industry took root. Advertising and Fashion Retailing Project Report EssayMilan Ready-to-wear designers stopped showing their lines in Florence and started up shows in Milan, this is how Milan came to be one of the ?Big Four. In the 70s Milan found it easy to thrive in the fashion world because labour costs were cheap, therefore more designers could create small/medium production businesses, to create their lines. Italy was a threat to Paris because demand for haute couture was in the decline and more consumers increasing the demand for leisure and informal wear. Many people today argue that Paris still has a very influential effect on the fashion world. Parisian style is one that everyone recognises and designers still look to for inspiration. Every couple of years diluted versions of Parisian trends have been seen in fashion lines that have trickle down into the high street market. This is a popular trend among younger generations. AgnAs Rocamora, writer, wrote in her piece ?Paris, Capitale de la Mode, In the French media, fashion still means Paris. Regularly anchoring fashion to the Parisian territory, the media have long naturalized the signifying relation between the French capital and la mode. (Rocamora, 2006:44). What Rocamora is explaining is that Parisian Couturiers, fashion writers and journalists all agree that Paris is still the most important fashion city. Paris fashion is talked about a lot in the press, media and all the time in magazines. So in theory they are promoting themselves as being the creators of fashion and showing that true Haute Couture fashion can only exists in Paris, keeping them in their position as one of the most important cities in fashion. Therefore the French and Paris see themselves as the most influential and important, but there are also facts and opinions expressing that Paris can no longer be the most important fashion city. There are numerous arguments against the fact that Paris is the most important fashion city. Since New York, London and Milan were established as fashion cities, they have produced various couturiers to show that high end fashion does not just come from Paris. But the focus more in these cities is fast, practical fashion from ready-to-wear lines which trickle down into mass production and high street. Valerie Steele, Author, stated in her book ?Paris fashion cultural history In 1987, Accent, The magazine of Paris style featured an article entitled Is Paris Still the Capital of Style? ? according to the author, The French capital may no longer hold the title alone. The designers, journalists, and retailers interviewed agreed that, Today, designers in London, Milan, Tokyo and New York can no longer be ignored. And yet, many fashion professionals kept coming back to the idea that Paris is not the only fashion city, but High Fashion takes place only in Paris  ¦ Its something in the air  ¦ Yves Saint Laurent and Madame GrAs wouldnt have been possible anywhere but Paris  ¦ Paris is where its happening. ? (Steele, 1998:7) Steele is saying that the fashion world is not just dominated by Paris; we have to take into consideration the upcoming cities that are growing and expanding to be able to create fashion within them. Although people still push the fact that only high end couture can be made in Paris, New York, Milan and London are being recognized as big players in the industry. Conclusion To conclude I found that Paris was a very influential city in the early 1900s with the likes of Worth who had a new approach to fashion and gave it a new edge. With New York, London and Milan growing all the time, they also had an influence on new forms of fashion and the creation of fast fashion, which threatened Paris and Haute Couture. Paris is still a major fashion city, and Haute Couture can only be made in Paris. But Paris is not the most important fashion city, hence why the name the ?Big Four was introduced, London, New York, Paris and Milan make up this quartet. These cities can no longer be disregarded, they fought their way into the fashion world at different time periods, and change fashion in their own unique way. Paris can no longer stand alone as the only and most important fashion city.